Biodiversity and Human Microbiota in Health and Disease 
Abstract
Biodiversity is defined as the variety and variability of biological organisms in a defined habitat. Human microbiota, the living microorganisms found in the human body, and microbiome, the collection of genomes from all the microorganisms in the human body, are closely relevant to human health and diseases. A healthy microbiota is characterized by a high biodiversity and holds a high taxonomic diversity and microbial gene richness. The microbial communities are in symbiosis with the host, contributing to homeostasis and regulating immune function. The composition of microbiota is affected by different factors such as the type of delivery, the type of breast-feeding, the environment, the diet and the utilization of antibiotics. Therefore, microbiota dysbiosis is associated with many diseases such as cardio-vascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, liver disease, chronic kidney disease, brain disorder, respiratory disease, cancer and obesity. Nowadays, microbial medicine represents an important field of medicine, since the modulation of the host microbiome has been proposed as a potential treatment for many human diseases.
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2423/i22394303v14Sp25
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